Sopra summary, the notion that shifts mediante human life histories, accompanied by improved intelligence, are an evolutionary response to a dietary shift towards high-quality food resources that are difficult sicuro acquire has already been suggested by Kaplan . Our model is innovative in that it suggests per mechanism for such a dietary shift that could have propelled hominins to per new evolutionary stage.
Conclusion
For more than two decades per view dominated anthropological discussions that all modern human variation derived from Africa within a relatively recent chronological framework. Recent years challenged this paradigm with new discoveries from Europe, Pendio, and other localities, as well as by new advances in theory and methodology. These developments are now setting the tirocinio for verso new understanding of the human story durante general and the emergence of modern humans sopra particular (di nuovo.g., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ). Analysis of their dental remains suggests verso much deeper time frame between at least some of the ancestral populations and modern humans than that which is assumed by the “Out of Africa” model. This, combined with previous genetic studies (ancora.g., , , , ), lends support puro the notion of assimilation (di nuovo.g., ) between populations migrating “out of Africa” and populations already established con these parts of Eurasia.
It is still premature esatto indicate whether the Qesem hominin ancestors evolved sopra Africa prior onesto 400 kyr , developed blade technologies , , and then migrated onesto the Levant esatto establish the https://datingranking.net/it/bdsm-review/ new and unique Acheulo-Yabrudian cultural complex; or whether (as may be derived from our model) we face verso local, Levantine emergence of per new hominin lineage. The plethora of hominins per the Levantine Middle Paleolithic fossil superiorita (Qafzeh, Skhul, Zuttiyeh, Tabun) and the fact that the Acheulo-Yabrudian cultural complex has per niente counterparts sopra Africa may hint per favor of local cultural and biological developments. This notion gains indirect support from the Denisova finds that raise the possibility that several different hominin groups spread out across Europe and Asia for hundreds of thousands of years, probably contributing onesto the emergence of modern human populations , , .
It should not che razza di as verso surprise that H. erectus, and its successors managed, and in fact evolved, puro obtain a substantial amount of the densest form of nutritional energy available sopra nature – fat – esatto the point that it became an obligatory food source. Animal fat was an essential food source necessary in order onesto meet the daily energy expenditure of these Pleistocene hominins, especially taking into account their large energy-demanding brains. It should also not ad esempio as a surprise that for verso predator, the disappearance of a major prey animal may be a significant reason for evolutionary change. The elephant was verso uniquely large and fat-rich food-package and therefore verso most attractive target during the Levantine Lower Palaeolithic Acheulian. Our calculations show that the elephant’s disappearance from the Levant just before 400 kyr was significant enough an event to have triggered the evolution of per species that was more adept, both physically and mentally, onesto obtain dense energy (such as fat) from per higher number of smaller, more evasive animals. The concomitant emergence of per new and innovative cultural complex – the Acheulo-Yabrudian, heralds verso new arnesi of behavioral habits including changes durante hunting and sharing practices , , that are relevant preciso our model.
If indeed, as we tried puro show, the dependence of humans on fat was so fundamental onesto their existence, the application is made possible, perhaps after some refinement, of this proposed bioenergetic model esatto the understanding of other important developments mediante human evolutionary history
Thus, the particular dietary developments and cultural innovations joined together at the end of the Lower Paleolithic period mediante the Levant, reflecting verso link between human biological and cultural/behavioral evolution.